The final trimester of pregnancy is often filled with anticipation, and a fair bit of discomfort. But how do you know when what you’re feeling is normal and when it’s a red flag for something more serious? One of the most urgent concerns during this time is preterm labor, which refers to labor that begins before 37 weeks of pregnancy.
While some signs may mimic typical third-trimester symptoms like Braxton Hicks contractions or back pain, others are subtle and easy to miss. That’s why knowing what to watch for and when to act, can make a huge difference in outcomes for both you and your baby.
To help us break down the early signs of preterm labor and offer clarity on what’s normal and what’s not, we spoke with Charles M. Carlsen, OB-GYN and Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer at Drsono. With over two decades of clinical and technical experience and a background from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dr. Carlsen brings deep insight into maternal care and innovation in prenatal diagnostics.
Cradlewise: What is preterm labour and how is it different from Braxton Hicks contractions or from other typical symptoms of the third trimester?
Dr. Carlsen: Preterm labour is labour before the pregnancy is at 37 weeks. It’s different from Braxton Hicks contractions, which are unpredictable, discomfort free, and don’t lead to labour. Preterm labour contractions are predictable, painful, and usually have extra symptoms such as back pain or the change of vaginal discharge.
Cradlewise: What are the first warning symptoms of preterm labour which women should recognize?
Dr. Carlsen: The earliest signs of preterm labor include regular contractions, lower abdominal cramping, lower back pain, pelvic pressure, and changes in vaginal discharge, such as increased mucus or water breaking.
Cradlewise: When must an individual call their physician if they are having potential symptoms of preterm labor?
Dr. Carlsen: If you experience any of the above symptoms before 37 weeks, especially if they’re frequent or worsen over time, it’s important to contact your doctor immediately.
Cradlewise: Are there any subtle or surprising symptoms of preterm labor that are easy to miss?
Dr. Carlsen: Some of the subtle indications are an abrupt and incessant change in the movements of the baby, abnormal pressure on the pelvic region, or a sense of heaviness. These may go unnoticed, but should never be ignored.
Cradlewise: Who is at highest risk of preterm labor, and how can those at highest risk screen themselves best?
Dr. Carlsen: Women who are at higher risk include those who have experienced prior preterm birth, multiple pregnancy, hypertension, infection, or severe stress. The routine ante-natal care and the knowledge about symptoms would facilitate the early detection of warning signs.
Cradlewise: What would take place if a patient went to the hospital with symptoms but was a false alarm?
Dr. Carlsen: If preterm labor is ruled out, it’s a relief. Doctors will likely perform tests to confirm, and the patient can return home with reassurance. Better safe than sorry.
Cradlewise: If preterm labor is caught early, what are the typical treatments or interventions used to manage it?
Dr. Carlsen: Early treatment may include medication to stop contractions, hydration, bed rest, or even steroids to help accelerate the baby’s lung development. In some cases, hospitalization is necessary for monitoring and more intensive treatment.
Conclusion
Preterm labor can be unsettling, but recognizing the symptoms early gives you and your healthcare team time to act and optimize outcomes. From regular contractions to subtle shifts in the baby’s movements or changes in discharge, every sign matters.
According to Dr. Carlsen, recognizing the early signs of preterm labor is crucial for the health of both mother and baby. While the symptoms may seem alarming, timely intervention and care can make all the difference. If in doubt, always reach out to your healthcare provider, they’re there to help!
